Analysis of oxide scale thickness and pores position of HCM12A steel in supercritical water

Abstract More attention has been paid to the exfoliation of oxide scale on high-temperature heating surface utility boiler. The oxidation mechanism HCM12A steel in supercritical water is proposed and growth film simulated. duplex contains an outer magnetite layer inner Cr-rich spinel layer. According data Backhaus Töpfer, diffusion coefficient values iron are discussed function R V , R I {R}_{\text{I}} for oxygen activity can be used calculation coefficients Based Wagner’s theory, rate constants calculated at 500 600°C water, compared with experimental relevant literatures. activities interfaces alloy/Cr-rich magnetite/supercritical estimated. simulation results weight gain matched test data. mechanisms inside analyzed. interface spinel/magnetite discontinuous, while continuous whole double thickness tube walls final superheater coils (T91) a 600 MW boiler by using method provided paper. modeling results, measured data, compared. Accurate scales provide necessary basis predicting stress scales.